Visual Studio 6 Tutorial Pdf
Module 1a: Microsoft Windows, Visual C and Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC)This is a continuationfrom the previous module. Program examples compiled using VisualC 6.0 (MFC 6.0) compiler on Windows XP Pro machine with Service Pack 2. Topicsand sub topics for this Tutorial are listed below:.
The Gallery. The Microsoft Active Template Library (ATL). The Microsoft Foundation Class Library.
An Application Framework vs. A Class Library. Convention. Object ID Naming Conventions. Object ID-Numbering Convention.
Program Examples 1 - Hello World. Program Examples 2 - Scribble.Net Framework. Managed vs. Unmanaged CodeTheGalleryThe Visual C Components and Controls Gallerylets you share software components among different projects. The Gallerymanages three types of modules:.ActiveX controls:When you install an ActiveX control (OCX - formerly OLE control),an entry is made in the Windows Registry. All registered ActiveXcontrols appear in the Gallery's window, so you can select themin any project.C source modules:When you write a new class, you can add the code to the Gallery.The code can then be selected and copied into other projects.
Youcan also add resources to the Gallery.Visual C components:The Gallery can contain tools that let you add features to yourproject. Such a tool could insert new classes, functions, data members,and resources into an existing project.
Some component modules aresupplied by Microsoft (Idle time processing, Palette support, andSplash screen, for example) as part of Visual C. Others will besupplied by third-party software firms.Figure 18: Visual C Components and Controls Gallery.If you decide to use one of the prepackaged VisualC components, try it out first in a dummy project to see if it's what youreally want.
Otherwise, it might be difficult to remove the generated code fromyour regular project. All user-generated Gallery items can be imported fromand exported to OGX files. Thesefiles are the distribution and sharing medium for Visual C components.ATL is a tool, separate from MFC, for building ActiveXcontrols. You can build ActiveX controls with either MFC or ATL, but ATL controlsare much smaller and quicker to load on the Internet.The Microsoft Foundation Class LibraryThe Microsoft Foundation Class Library (the MFClibrary, for short) defines the applicationframework that you'll be learning in this Tutorial.
MFC providesa variety of classes designed to serve a wide range of needs. You'll find ahandy diagram of the MFC 7.0 class hierarchy. The majority of MFC classes are derived, either directly or indirectly, from CObject.CObject provides other useful benefits to itsderived classes as well. For example, it overloads the newand delete operators to provide protection against memory leaks.
Ifyou create an object from a CObject -derivedclass and fail to delete it before the application terminates, MFC will warnyou by writing a message to the debug output window. The overarching importanceof this most basic of MFC classes will become increasingly clear as you growmore familiar with MFC.One definition of application framework is 'an integratedcollection of object-oriented software components that offers all that's neededfor a generic application.' That isn't a very useful definition, is it?
If youreally want to know what an application framework is, you'll have to read therest of this book. The application framework example that you'll familiarizeyourself with later in this chapter is a good starting point.An Application Framework vs.a Class LibraryOne reason that C is a popular language is thatit can be 'extended' with class libraries. Some class libraries are deliveredwith C compilers, others are sold by third-party software firms, and stillothers are developed in-house. A class library is a set of related C classesthat can be used in an application. A mathematics class library, for example,might perform common mathematics operations, and a communications class librarymight support the transfer of data over a serial link. Sometimes you constructobjects of the supplied classes; sometimes you derive your own classes, it alldepends on the design of the particular class library.An application framework is a superset of a classlibrary. An ordinary library is an isolated set of classes designed to be incorporatedinto any program, but an application framework defines the structure of theprogram itself.
Microsoft didn't invent the application framework concept. Itappeared first in the academic world, and the first commercial version was MacAppfor the Apple Macintosh. Since MFC 2.0 was introduced, other companies, includingBorland, have released similar products.An Application Framework ExampleIt's time to look at some code, not pseudocode but real codethat actually compiles and runs with the MFC library.
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It's the good old 'Hello,world!' Application, with a few additions. It's about the minimum amount ofcode for a working MFC library application for Windows.
You don't have to understandevery line now. This is Single Document Interface (SDI) without Document/View architecture support application and the full steps to build thisprogram are given in Example 1. By convention, MFC library class names beginwith the letter C.
Following is the source code for the header and implementationfiles for our MYAPP application (all the Visual C comments have been deleted).The classes CMyApp and CMyFrameare each derived from MFC library base classes. The first is the MyApp.hheader file for the MYAPP application. Object IDDescriptionIDRMultiple resource types (Used for Menus, Accelerators primarily).IDDFor dialog template resources (for example, IDDDIALOG1).IDCFor Cursor resources.IDIFor Icon resources.IDBFor Bitmap resources.IDSFor String resources.Table 1.Note that the IDS value for a string resource is the ID passed to LoadString.
The actual implementation of string table resources groups together 16 strings into one segment. For example, within a DIALOG resource, we follow the convention of. Object IDDescriptionIDMFor menu items not using the MFC command architecture.IDFor menu item commands using the MFC command architecture.Table 3.Commands that follow the MFC command architecturemust have an ONCOMMAND command handler and may have an ONUPDATECOMMANDUI handler. If these commandhandlers follow the MFC command architecture, they will function correctly whetherthey are bound to a menu item, a toolbar button or a dialog bar button. Thesame ID is also used for a menu prompt string displayed on the program's messagebar.
Most of the menu items in your application should follow the MFC commandconvention. All of the standard command IDs (for example, IDFILENEW) followthis convention.
MFC also uses 'IDP' as a specialized form of strings (thatis, instead of 'IDS'). Strings with the 'IDP' prefix are 'prompts,' that is,strings used in message boxes.
Visual Basic 6.0 Tutorial Notes
'IDP' strings may contain '%1' and '%2' as placeholders of strings determined by the program. 'IDP' strings usually have helptopics, while 'IDS' strings do not. 'IDP' strings are always localized, while'IDS' strings may or may not be localized.
The MFC library also uses the 'IDW'prefix as a specialized form of control IDs (that is, instead of 'IDC'). TheseIDs are assigned to child windows such as views and splitters by the frameworkclasses.
MFC implementation IDs are prefixed with 'AFX'.Object ID-Numbering ConventionThe following lists the valid ranges for the IDsof the specific types. Some of the limits are technical implementation limitswhile others are just conventions to prevent your IDs from colliding with Windowspredefined IDs or MFC default implementations. We strongly recommend you donot defined IDs outside the recommended ranges. Even though the lower limitof many of these ranges is 1 (0 is not used), common convention starts practicaluse of IDs at 100 or 101.